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 a number of : the number of
☞ A number of + 목수명사 :"많은, 얼마간의, 다수의"
the number of + 단수명사 "수":
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1) Being wealthy, the lady has a number of houses to let in this street.
(그 부인은 부자로 이 거리를 세 놓을 집을 많이 가지고 있다.)
2) The number of the killed was less than thirty.
( 사망자의 수는 30명이었다.)
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according to : according as
☞ according to + 절 = in proportion to : ...에 따르자면
according as +명사= in proportion as :..에 따르자면 |
1) The thermometer rises or fall according as the air is hot or cold.
(온도계는 공기가 뜨겁고 찬 것에 따라 오르내린다.)
2) According to all accounts, the game to be very interesting.
(모든 사람들의 말에 의하면 그 경기는 아주 재미있는 것 같다.)
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agree to :agree with
☞ agree to + (a person, another, a view) : ..에 동의하다,...에 응하다.
agree with +사람 :...에 동의한다 |
1) He was stupid to agree to the proposal.
(그는 그 제안에 동의했다니 어리석었다.)
2) I cannot agree with you on the matter.
(그 건에 대해선 당신에 동의할 수 없었습니다.)
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allow for: allow to
☞ allow for :...를 참작하다
allow to : ...을 허락하다 |
1) We have to allow for his health.
(우리는 그의 젊음을 참작해야 한다.)
2) Whatever you may say, we can not allow him to do such a thing.
( 내가 무슨 말을 해도 우리는 그가 그런 일을 하는 것을 용서할 수 없다.)
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anything but : nothing but
☞ anything but = not at all : 조금도..아니다
nothing but = only = no more than : ..밖에 안된다 |
1) He is anything but a scholar.
(그는 결코 학자가 아니다.)
= He is far from being a scholar.
= He is no scholar at all.
2) He is nothing but a student.
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As a whole : on the whole
☞ as a whole = all together :전체적으로
on the whole : 대체로, 전체로 보아서 |
1) The climate of this part of England is rather cold as a whole.
(영국의 이 지방 기후는 좀 추운 편이다.)
2) His work has been satisfactory;on the whole.
(그의 일은 전체적으로 더할 나위 없었다.)
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as∼as any : as ∼as anything
☞ as∼as any : ..에 못지 않게..하다
as∼ as anything : 아주, 대단히 |
1) The transport facilities of Korea have become as
convenient as any in the world.
(한국의 교통시설은 세계의 어느 나라에도 뒤떨어지지 않을 만큼 편리하다)
2) If you let the boys have everything his own way,
they will grow as wilful as anything.
(아이들은 저희들이 하고 싶은 대로 내버려 둔다면 자라서
대단한 고집장이가 될 것이다.)
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as∼as ever : as ∼ as ever +과거동사
☞ as∼as ever : 변한없이 늘..하다
as ∼ as ever +과거동사: ..에게 못지 않게 ..하다 |
1) Mr. Kim is as diligent as ever.
(김군은 언제 봐도 변함없이 부지런하다.)
2) The scenery was as beautiful as any that I had ever seen.
(그 경치는 내가 보던 중 가장 아름다운 경치이다.)
Dr. Hall is as great a psychologist as ever lived.
(홀 박사는 고금을 막론하고 위대한 심리학자이다.)
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As soon as : No sooner than
☞ as soon as : ..하자마자
No sooner than +과거완료 +than + 과거동사 :..하자마자 |
1) You may go out for a walk as soon as you have finished your task.
(너는 네 일을 다 긑내고 산책해도 좋다.)
2) He had no sooner returned home than he fell ill.
(집에 돌아오자 그는 병에 걸렸다.)
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at best : at most
☞ at best :기껏해야, 아주 잘 봐서
at most : 기껏해야 |
1) He is a fool at best.
(기껏 잘 말해줘도 그는 바보이다.)
2) Life is, at best, a sea of troubles.
(아무리 봐도 세상은 고해다.)
3) He looks older than his age, but I think he is thirty at most.
(그는 그의 나이보다 더 들어 보이나 기껏해야 30세라고 생각한다.)
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It does not follow that... : It follows that...
☞ It does not follow that..: 반드시..하는 것은 아니다
It follows that... : ...라고 말하는 대로다 |
1) Even if he can set a song to music, it does not follow that he can sings well.
(그가 노래를 작곡할 수 있다고 해서 노래를 잘 부를 수 있는 것은 아니다.)
2) If that is true, it follows that she was not present at the meeting.
(만일 그것이 사실이라면 그 여자는 그 회합에 참석하지 않은 셈이다.
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It is not because∼, but because ∼: it is not that∼but that∼
:..까닭l이 아니고 ..까닭이다 |
1) He was given a prize. It was because he was bright,
but because he was diligent.
(그는 표창을 받았다. 그것은 그가 현명한 탓은
아니고 부지런한 까닭이다.)
2) He was discharged at last. It was not that he was inefficient,
but that he had no sense responsibility.
(그는 드디어 파면되었다. 그것은 그가 무능한 까닭이 아니라
책임감이 없는 까닭이이다.)
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certain 형 : It ~ that 절
that 절의 주어를 주어로 한 부정사 구문
☞ likely, lucky, fortunate (운 좋게도 ~ 하는) |
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1) It is certain that he will pass the exam.
= He is certain to pass the exam.
(cf.) It is certain for him to pass the exam. (×)
2) It is not likely that he will come.
= He is not likely to come.
3) It is fortunate that we live in this town.
= We are fortunate to live in this town.
(우리는 운 좋게도 이 도시에 살게 되었다.) |
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natural 형: It ~ for + 목적격 to 부정사, It ~ that 절
☞ desirable, essential, important, necessary, remarkable |
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1) It is natural for her to love him.
= It is natural that she should love him.
(cf.) She is natural to love him. (×)
He is natural for her to love. (×)
2) It is necessary for you to study English.
= It is necessary that you should study English.
3) It is desirable that you should attend the meeting.
= It is desirable for you to attend the meeting. |
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true 형 : It ~ that 절만 가능함
☞ possible, impossible (추측의 뜻일 때) |
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1) It is true that he is a poet.
(cf.) It is true for him to be a poet. (×)
2) It is impossible that he has done the work for himself.
= He can't have done the work for himself.
(그는 혼자서 그 일을 했을 리가 없다.)
3) It is possible that he has succeeded.
= He may have succeeded.
(그는 성공했을지도 모른다.)
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No more than : No more∼than
☞ no more than (only ) : 겨우..밖에 안되는, ..에 지나지 않다.
No more∼than : A가 B가 아닌 것은 C가 D가 아닌 것과 같다. |
1) I had no more than a meal once a day.
(나는 하루에 한끼 밖에 못먹었다.)
No more than ten persons were present.
(열 명 밖에 출석하지 않았다.)
2) He can no more swim than a hammer can.
(그가 헤엄칠 수 없는 것은 마치 망치가 헤엄칠 수 없는 것과 같다.)
cf) He is not more diligent than you are.
(그는 너보다 더 부지런하지 못하다.)
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not so much of : not so much ∼as∼
☞ not so much as = not even : ..까지도..않다
not so much ∼as ∼: ..처럼..하지 않다, ..라기보다 오히려..하다 |
1) He is quite broken up, so he can not so much as read a newspaper.
(그는 아주 쇠약해 졌다. 그래서 신문조차 읽지 못한다.)
2) Success in life does not depend so much on one's school record
as on one's honesty and diligence.
(인생의 성공은 학교 성적에 달려 있기보다는 오히려 사람의 정직과 근면에 따르는 것이다.)
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one ∼, the other∼ : The one∼, the other
☞ one∼, the other∼ :가지고 있는 두 개를 순서없이 "하나는 ∼ 다른 하나는∼"
The one∼, the other∼ = the former∼, the latter∼ = that∼, this∼
" 전자는..고 후자는..다" |
1) Both my sister went abroad, one is in America, the other in England.
(나의 누나 두 분이 다 외국에 갔다. 한 분은 미국에 계시고 한 분은 영국에 계신다.)
2) Neither my elder brother nor my younger brother in Korea, the one is in Japan,
and the other is in China.
(나의 큰 형이나 동생은 한국에 있지 않다. 전자는 일본에 후자는 중국에 있다.)
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out of question : out of the question
☞ out of question =without doubt : 확실히, 의심할 바도 없이, 물론
out of the question = impossible : 불가능한, 확실히 의심할 바도 없는 |
1) It is out of question that he will make a great figure in the end, as he is clever and diligent.
(그는 똑똑하고 부지런하므로 결국 가서는 크게 성공할 것이다.)
2) What you say is out of the question.
(네가 말하는 것은 문제외다.)
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It matters little : It matters much
☞ It matters little :..은 관계가 없다. 문제가 되지 않는다
It matters much: 중요한 일이다. 중요한 문제다 |
1) It matters little to me whether he will win in the election or not.
(그가 선거 전에서 당선되느냐 낙선되느냐 하는 것은 문제가 되지 않는다.)
2) It matter much to me whether he is elected President or not.
(그가 대통령에 당선되느냐 낙선되느냐 하는 것은 내게 중대사이다.)
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Lest ∼should : That ∼may
☞ Lest∼should = for fear that : ..하면 큰 일이므로, ..하지 않도록
That ∼may = in order that ∼ may:..하기 위하여, ..하려고 |
1) They are working hard lest they should fail in the examination to come.
(다음 시험에 실패하면 큰 일이므로 그들은 열심히 공부하고 있다.)
You had better take your raincoat lest it should rain.
(비가 오면 큰 일이므로 너는 우의를 가지고 가는 것이 좋다.)
2) He went out that he might play with his friends.
(그는 그의 친구들과 놀려고 밖으로 나갔다.)
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owe to : owing to
☞ owe to = be indebted to : 부채가 있다, 신세를 지고 있다
Owing to = because of = on account of : ..때문에,..에 기인하여 |
1) The writer owes his reputation largely to your advice.
(그 작가의 명성의 대부분은 너의 충고 덕분이다.)
2) We owe to the telephone every day.
(우리는 매일 전화의 신세를 많이 입고 있다.)
3) Owing to this traffic accident, he was late for school.
(교통사고로 그는 학교에 지각했다.)
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pay attention to : pay attentions
☞ pay attention to = give attention to = attend to : 주의하다, 주목하다
pay attentions to : 정중히 대하다, 우대하다 |
1) Students should pay attention to what the teacher says.
(학생들은 선생님이 말하는 것에 주의를 집중해야 한다.)
2) There are several visitors in town, and we have to pay attentions to them.
(읍내의 몇 명의 방문객이 왔었는데 우리는 그들에게 정중히 대하여야 한다.)
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pretend to + 동사 : pretend +명사
☞ pretend to +동사 :..인체하다
pretend to + 명사 :..을 주장하다, 자인하다 |
1) He pretends to admire me, though he privately he hates me.
(그는 마음 속으로 나를 미워하면서도 겉으로는 나를 칭찬하는 체 한다.)
2) He pretends to be deaf, but hears all we are saying.
(그는 귀머거리인 체하지만 우리가 말하고 있는 것을 다 듣고 있다.)
3) He pretended to the throne.
(그는 왕관의 계승자로 주장했다.)
4) He pretends to a great writer.
(그는 위대한 작가임을 자인한다.)
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prevent ∼from ∼: hinder ∼ from∼
:못하게 하다, 방해하다 |
1) Noting shall prevent me from doing my duty.
(아무것도 나의 의무를 수행하는 것을 막지 못할 것이다.)
2) The noisy sound hindered us from hearing what he was saying.
(떠드는 소리에 그가 말하고 있는 것을 듣지 못하게 하였다.)
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Next to none : next to nothing
: 거의 ..없다. ..없는 것과 마찬가지다. |
1) In the mathematics he is next to none in his class though weak in English.
(영어는 못한다 해도 수학은 그의 학급에서 제일이다.)
2) I got next to nothing.
(나는 얻은 바가 없다.)
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sorry : anxious : able 유형의 형용사 |
a) sorry형 : angry, sorry, glad, furious, happy, proud, thankful, ashamed, excited,
delighted, pleased, surprised, interested
I'm sorry to trouble you.
= I 'm sorry for troubling you.
It is sorry for me to trouble you.(x)
It is sorry that I trouble you.
b) anxious형: anxious, eager, keen, ready, willing
He is anxious to see you.
It is anxious for him to see you.(x)
It is anxious that he should see you.(x)
She was anxious for him to come with her.
= She was anxious that he come with her.
c) able형: able, unable
She is able to speak five languages.
= she has the ability top speak five languages.
= She is capable of speaking five languages.
It is able for her to speak five languages.(x)
She is able that she speaks five languages.(x)
Five languages are able to be spoken by her.(x)
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No lees than : No less∼than
☞ No less than = as many (mush) as :..에 못지 않게,..만큼이나..하다
No less∼than = quite as∼as :..와 똑 같다 |
1) They say that he now owns no less than ten buses.
(그는 버스를 열대식이나 가지고 있다.)
He has been making a study of ants no less than five years.
(그는 자그마치 5년간이나 개미에 대하여 연구하고 있다.)
2) She is no less pretty than her sister.
(그 여자는 언니와 똑 같이 예쁘다.) |
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easy 형 : It ~ for + 목적격 to 부정사
: to 부정사의 의미상의 목적어를 주어로 한 부정사 구문으로 "상태, 판단"을 나타내며
It is....that의 구문을 쓰는 것은 피한다.
☞ difficult, convenient, dangerous, hard, pleasant, boring,
comfortable, painful, wonderful, possible, impossible
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1) It is easy for us to please him.
= He is easy for us to please.
(cf.) It is easy that we please him.(×)
It is easy that you solve the problem.(x)
It is possible that I read the book in a day.(x)
We are easy to please him.(×)
2) It is difficult to master English.
= English is difficult to master.
3) It is pleasant to talk with him.
= He is pleasant to talk with.
4) It is dangerous to bathe in this river.
= This river is dangerous to bathe in.
5) It is possible for us to please him.
= He is possible for us to please.
(우리가 그를 기쁘게 하는 것은 가능하다.)
6) It is impossible for me to persuade her.
= She is impossible for me to persuade.
(내가 그녀를 설득시키는 것은 불가능하다.)
* easy형은 형용사를 명사 앞에 놓아 그 명사를 꾸미는 용법도 가능함.
7) The question is easy to answer.
= It is an easy question to answer.
= It is easy to answer the question.
8) He is difficult to get along with.
= It is difficult to get along with him.
= He is a difficult person to get along with.
9) She is hard to teach.
= It is hard to teach her.
= She is a hard pupil tp teach. |
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wise 형: It ~ of + 목적격 to 부정사
to 부정사의 의미상의 주어를 주어로 한 부정사 구문
☞ considerate, cruel, clever, careless, foolish, kind, nice, stupid, silly |
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1) It is wise of you to do so.
= You are wise to do so.
(네가 그렇게 하다니 현명하구나.)
(cf.) It is wise that you do so. (×)
2) It is very kind of you to help me.
= You are very kind to help me.
(네가 나를 도와 주다니 매우 친절하구나.)
(cf.) I am very kind of you to help. (×)
3) It was stupid of her to make such a mistake.
= She was stupid to make such a mistake.
(그녀가 그러한 실수를 저지르다니 어리석었구나.) |
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be about to + 동사의 원형: 이제 막 ~ 하려고 하다
☞ be on the point [verge, brink] of + G |
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She is about to leave. (그녀는 이제 막 떠나려고 한다.)
= She is on the point [verge, brink] of leaving. |
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부정어....... without + G .... : ....하기면 하면 ...한다, ....하면 반드시 ....하다
부정어 ...... but + S + V....
When S + V..... , S always + V....
Whenever S + V.... , S + V......
Every time [ At any time ] S + V..... , S + V ..... |
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It never rains without pouring.
= It never rains but it pours.
= It never rains that it doesn't pour.
= When it rains, it always pours.
= Whenever it rains, it pours.
= Every time [At any time] it rains, it pours. |
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cannot but + 동사의 원형 : ~하지 않을 수 없다
= cannot help + G
= cannot avoid + G
= cannot keep[refrain, abstain] from +G
= cannot choose but + 동사의 원형
= have no choice but to 부정사
= can do nothing but + 동사의 원형
= There is nothing for it but to 부정사 |
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I cannot but laugh at the funny sight.
= I cannot help laughing at the funny sight.
= I cannot choose but laugh at the funny sight.
= I have no choice but to laugh at the funny sight.
= I can do nothing but laugh at the funny sight.
= There is nothing for it but to laugh at the funny sight.
(나는 우스운 광경을 보고 웃지 않을 수 없었다.) |
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feel like + G: ~하고 싶다
= feel inclined to + 동사의 원형
= have a mind to + 동사의 원형 |
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I feel like taking a walk.(나는 산책하고 싶다.)
= I feel inclined to take a walk.
= I have a mind to take a walk. |
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It is no use[good] + G : ~해도 소용이 없다
= It is of no use to + 동사의 원형
= There is no use (in) + G
= There is no point in + G
= What's the use of + G |
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It is no use crying over spilt milk.
= It is of no use to cry over spilt milk.
= There is no use (in) crying over spilt milk.
= There is no point in crying over spilt milk.
= What's the use of crying over spilt milk.
(엎질러진 우유를 놓고 울어보았자 소용이 없다.) |
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It goes without saying that S + V
= It is a matter of course that S + V
= It is needless[of no need] to say that S + V
: ~은 말할 나위도 없다, ~은 말할 것도 없다 |
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It goes without saying that man is mortal.
= It is a matter of course that man is mortal.
= It is needless[of no need] to say that man is mortal.
(인간이 죽는다는 것은 말할 나위도 없다.) |
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make a point of + G
= make it a rule [point] to + 동사의 원형
= be in the habit of + G
: 반드시 ~하다, ~하는 것을 규칙으로 삼다 |
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He makes a point of getting up early.
= He makes it a point [rule] to get up early.
= He is in the habit of getting up early.
(그는 일찍 일어나는 것을 규칙으로 삼는다.) |
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of one's own + ~ ing : 자기 자신이 직접 ~ 한
= 관계사절 + ~ ing |
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1) This is a picture I painted myself.
= This is a picture of my own painting.
*이 구문에서는 절대 완료 동명사를 사용하지 않는다.
2) That was a picture I had painted myself.
= That was a picture of my own painting. |
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There is no + G ~ : ~하는 것은 불가능하다, ~할 수 없다
= It is impossible to + 동사의 원형
= S(사람) cannot + 동사의 원형 |
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There is no accounting for tastes.
= It is impossible to account for tastes.
= We cannot account for tastes.
(사람마다 취미도 갖가지.) |
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What do you say to + G ~? :
= What do you think about + G ~?
= What[How] about + G ~?
= Why don't you + 동사의 원형 ~ ?
= Let's + 동사의 원형 ~ , shall we?
~ 하는 것이 어떻습니까? |
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What do you say to having a drink?
= What do you think about having a drink?
= How about having a drink?
= Why don't you have a drink?
= Let's have a drink, shall we? |
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a) 동명사만을 목적어로 취하는 동사 :
avoid, mind, enjoy, finish, escape, practice, give up, deny
b) look forward to + G : ~하기를 학수 고대하다 |
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